Process for the production of organosiloxanes



United States Patent Int. c1. (:67: 7/18 US. Cl. 260-4481 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Process for producing organosiloxanes having siloxane units of both the formula and of the formula O Si(CH, CH -XAYH wherein the XAY group is one of the following:

X is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH and Y, and Y is a bivalent atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, and wherein the R is a substantially non-reactive hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon substituent, by hydrolyzing a compound of the formula in the presence of a hydrolyzable organosilane of the formula R,,SiZ or a mixture of such silanes or a polymer containing such silane groups in the presence of an acid or alkaline catalyst and water at about room temperature to produce compounds of the formula The compounds are useful as emulsifiers.

The present invention relates to organopolysiloxanes, and especially to the production of organopolysiloxanes which contain at least two terminal carbofunctional siloxane units of the formula ice in the molecule. In this formula XA--Y stands for the group X stands for a CH group or for Y, and Y stands for an oxygen or sulfur atom or an NH or N-alkyl group. The remaining siloxane units if any in the polysiloxanes to be produced according to the invention are those of the general formula in which n is 1 or 2 and each substituent R is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, optionally inertly substituted, hydrocarbon radical, preferably methyl or phenyl.

It is known that compounds of this type can be obtained in some cases by reacting a halomethyl-substituted polysiloxane with a compound of the formula in the presence of an acid-binding substance. In such a process, however, side reaction frequently occurs, leading to undesired and useless products. Especially if X and Y are identical, for example, the reaction may easily proceed in such a manner that condensation takes place not only at the HX group, but also at the H--Y group. This results in the production of highly viscous cross-linked polymers. Moreover, compounds containing oxygen as X require either very long reaction times or strong bases, such as alkali metal hydroxides, as condensation agents, leading to the splitting of Si-*C bonds.

We have now found a process for the production of the terminally carbofuuctional organopolysiloxanes defined above which is distinguished by its simplicity and the certainty with which the desired products are obtained, which process is based on a hydrolytically initiated copolymerization with the use of a monosila-cyclohexane-analogous compound.

Accordingly, the process of the invention is charac terised in that a mixture of (a) a compound of the formula in which the grouping XA--Y is as defined above, and (b) a hydrolyzable organosilane of the formula R SiZ in which n and R are as defined above and Z is a halogen atom or a lower alkoxy radical, or a mixture of such organosilanes, or a polymer resulting from such organosilanes by hydrolysis and condensation and consisting of siloxane units of the formula R SiZ' in which n and R are as defined above and 2' denotes --O or -OH, is subjected to the presence of an alkaline or acidic catalyst to a hydrolytic reaction with sufficient water for the stoichiometrically calculated molar ratio of H 0 to the sum (Y-l-Z) in the reaction mixture to amount to at least 1:2.

The monosila-cyclohexane analogues mentioned above particular advantage of permitting also the production of under (a) are known; examples are: very long-chained polysiloxanes with terrninal carbofunc- 2,2-dimethyl-1-oxa-2 silacyclohexane (CHahSi C H1-\-O 2,2-dimethyl-2-sila-1,4-di0xan (CH3)zi-CHa-O-CH2-CHr-O I' l 2,2-dimethy1-2-sila-10xa-4-thiane (C H3) ;SiCH2S C H2-C HzO l 2, 2-dimethyl-2-sila-1,4dithiane (C H3) 2Si CHz-S CHz-C H:- S

2, 2-dimethyl-Z-sllamorpholine C H3) ;iCHNH-C Hz-CHz- O I' 2, 2,4-t1imethyl-2-si1amorph0line (C H3) ;Si-CH:N C H3) C HzC Hz 1- 1,2,2,4-tetramethyl-Z-sflaprperazlne (0 H3) 251- CHz-N 0 H3) -0 H:O H -RI C H;

I 'I Benzo-2,2-dimethyl-2-sila-1,4-dl0xan (CH3) 2Si-C H3OCCO H6 /CH HE=CH I l Benzo2,2-dimethyl-Z-sila-1,4-dithiane (CH ):SiCHz-SECS H CH HE: E

Bcnzo-Z,Z-dimethy1-2-si1a-1-aza4-thlane (CH3) 2iCH S- CCNH 0 /CH fl J=oH Benzo-2,2dimethyl-2-sila-1-oxa-4-azane (CH3) zSi CH1-NHC- C 0 HG /CH H=OH Benzo-2,2-dimethyl-2-sila-1, i-diazine (CH3) 7SiCHzNHO-CN H HO OH HE=GH 2,Z-dtmethyl-6-0xa-2-sila-1-oxa-4-thiane (C H3) 2i- CH2 S -C Hz- (IL|O Of the hydrolyzable organosilanes to be used accordtional groups, which cannot be prepared in any other way, ing to the invention, the following are those most easily since highly polymerized organosiloxanes with a low conobtainable: dimethyl dichlorosilane, phenylmethyl dichlotent of halomethyl groups do not react appreciably with rosilane, methyl trichlorosilane, dimethyl diethoxysilane hydrogen-active compounds. and methyl triethoxysilane. Examples of their hydrolysis The following examples are given for the purpose and condensation products are a, w-dihydroxy-polydiof illustrating the invention. methyl siloxanes, hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane and octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane. EXAMPLE 1 By means of the process described above, carbofunction- 110 cc. hydrochloric acid with an HCl-content of 4-peral siloxanes with terminal hydrogen-active carboxyl, hycent by weight are slowly added at room temperature droxyl, mercaptan or amine groups are obtained in a over a period of 30 minutes to a solution of 132 g. (1 mol) simple manner. A great number of applications are known 2,2-dimethyl-2-sila-1,4-dioxan and 740 g. (5 mol) difor compounds of this type. For example, the amino-funcmethyl diethoxy-silane in 500 cc. ethanol, and the reaction tional organosiloxanes are especially suitable as emulmixture is allowed to stand for one day. The volatile sifie-rs and other interface-active agents. The products can components of the mixture are then distilled off under also be used for the production of polysiloxane-polyreduced pressure, finally at up to 65 C. and 1 mm. Hg,

oxyalkylene copolymers and of silicon-containing polyand the residue is filtered. As filtrate there are obtained esters and polyurethanes. Furthermore, they may be used 407 g. (approximately 80% of the theoretical amount) of for the modification of synthetic resins, such as polycara colourless oil which contains 2.8 percent by weight bonates and phenol-formaldehyde resins, and also of OH groups and whose acid number is 0.5. At 20 C. its organo-polysiloxane elastomers. For the last-mentioned refractive index 11 is 1.4162, its density is 0.985 g./cc.

case the process according to the invention presents the and its viscosity is 32.4 cst.

For the dodeca-siloxaneaccording to the reaction equaa,w di- (5' meroaptoethyl mercaptomethyl) polydition the content of OH groups is calculated as 3.3 percent methyl-siloxane with refractive index n 1.4552 and a by weight. sulfur content of 12.5 percent by weight.

EXAMPLE 2 For the dodeca-siloxane according to the reaction KOH, H2O 3(OH )zSiCHzS-CHzCHa-O 6(0113)isi(0 02H); H3OSi(OClH5)3 911,0

A solution of g. potassium hydroxide in 180 cc. water equation there are calculated 11.8 percent by weight of is added to a solution of 493 g. (3 mol) 2,2-dimethyl-2- sulfur. sila-1-oxa-4-thiane, 890 g. (6 mol) dimethyl diethoxysilane r and 178 g. (1 mol) methyl triethoxysilane in 3000 cc. lo EXAMPLE 5 ethanol, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for two days. The reaction mixture is then neutralized by introducing carbon dioxide, it is filtered, the filtrate is freed from all volatile components by heating it up to 20 O 60 C. at 1 mm. Hg, and it iS again filtered. AS filtrate 2 K0113), (CH hsKOC H h 1111 0 N there are obtained 835 g. (approximately 85% of the H1 theoretical amount) of a colourless oil whose refractive 0/ index n is 1.4532; the viscosity at C. is 39 cst., the

sulfur content amounts to 10.0 percent by Weight and the HO ZOHOG H content of OH groups to 5.1 percent by weight. i 5

For the deca-siloxane according to the reaction equa- O CH ESI(CH) O};S1(CHQFCHrO' tion there are calculated 9.8 percent by weight sulfur and 5.2 percent by weight OH groups.

EXAMPLE 3 A solution of 15 g. potassium hydroxide in 60 cc. water 220 cc. hydrochloric acid with an HCl-content of 4 is added to a mixture of 888 g. (6 mol) 2,2-dimethyl-2- percent by weight are added to a solution of 360 g. (2 i1a-1-0Xaand 2220 hexamethylmol) benzo-2,2-dimethyl-Z-sila-1,4-dioxan and 1480 g. cyclotfisiloXalle, and the mixture is Stirred at room (10 mol) dimethyl diethoxy-silane in 1000 cc. ethanol, perature for one day. The reaction mixture is then diluted and the Ramon mixture is allowed to Stand at room YVlth 9 benze'neg 9 neutrahzed by temperature for one day. The mixture is then freed from introducing carbon dioxide, it IS filtered, and the solvent volatile components by heating it up to at 15 mm is evaporated from the filtrate by heating it up to 80 C. I at 2 mm. Hg. As product there remains a colourless oil Hg and the residue 15 filtered AS filtrate there are (82% of the theoretical amount), whose refractive index tamed 1023 (ap p r0X1ma.te1y of the theoretlcal n is 1.4326; the viscosity at 20 C. is 48 cst., the sulfur F of a cqlourless 011 contammg percent content amounts to 5.8 percent by weight and the content Yvelght of P P 20 rettractlve f OH groups to 29 percent by weight lndex n 1s 1.4458, its density 1s 1.025 and its viscosity For the dodeca-siloxane according to the reaction equa- 1S 19 tion there are calculated 6.05 percent by weight of sulfur For the dodeca-slloxane accordmg to the reactlon and 3.2 percent by weight of OH groups. equation the content of OH groups is calculated as 3.05

EXAMPLE 4 percent by weight.

200 cc. hydrochloric acid with an HCl-content of 5 percent by weight are added to a solution of 164 g. (1 /O\ mol) 2,2-dimethyl-2-sila-1,4 diethiane and 740 g. (5 mol) 51(0113), dimethyl diethoxysilane in 1500 cc. acetone, and the re- 70 (332 action mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature \0/ for one day. The mixture is then freed from volatile components by heating it up to C. at 1 mm. Hg, and OH HO +20HC1 the remaining oil is filtered. As filtrate there are obtained F 380 g. (approximately of the theoretical amount) O CH S(CH3)FO SI(CHQ)FCH O EXAMPLE 6 10(CH SiCla 11 E20 A mixture of 1500 cc. ethanol and 150 cc. water is added dropwise while cooling to a mixture of 180 g. (1 mol) benzo-2,2-dimethyl-2-sila-1,4-dioxan and 645 g. (5 mol dimethyl dichlorosilane, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 4 hours. The volatile components are then evaporated off in a vacuum, and the residue is filtered. As filtrate there are obtained 450 g. (approximately 81% of the theoretical amount) of a yellowish oil containing 2.6 percent by weight of OH groups. At 20 C. its refractive index r1 is 1.4380, its density is 1.02 and its viscosity is 28 est. The infrared spectrum is essentially the same as that of the product according to Example 5.

EXAMPLE 7 from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur; which process comprises hydrolyzing a mixture of (a) a compound of the formula 300 cc. hydrochloric acid with an HCl-content of 38 percent by weight are added to a solution of 487 g. (3 mol) 2,2-dimethyl-6-0xo-2-sila-1-oxa-4-thiane and 1110 g. (5 mol) hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane in 4500 cc. tetrahydrofuran, and the reaction mixture is allowed to stand for two days. The solvent is then distilled off under reduced pressure, the mixture being finally heated up to 70 C. at 1 mm. Hg, and the residue is filtered. As filtrate there are obtained 1425 g. (approximately 88% of the theoretical amount) of a yellowish oil which contains 6.4 per cent by weight sulfur and whose acid number is 104; its refractive index 11 is 1.4356.

For the dodeca-siloxane according to the reaction equation there are calculated 5.9 percent by weight of sulfur and an acid number of 103.

What we claim is:

1. As a novel carbofunctional organopolysiloxane a compound having the formula:

E t 5 2+.i

in which a has a value up to l, p is an integer from 7 to 10 and the carbofunctional group Q-H is at least one member selected from the group consisting of:

2. A process for the production of an organosiloxane consisting of siloxane units of the formula RuSiO21 2 and those of the formula in which n is an integer selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2, each substituent R is a radical containing a hydrocarbon constituent bonded to said Si, the group X--AY is at least one member selected from the group consisting of XCH;4CHQY, X-CCY and X-CHzfi-Y HC 011 o X is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH and Y, and Y is a bivalent atom selected siloxane units of the formula R SiZ in which n and R are as defined above and Z denotes at least one member selected from the group consisting of -O and OH; wherein the amount of (b) is sufficient to result in 2 to 5 Si atoms thereof per each Si atom of (a); in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of alkaline and acid with sufficient water for the stoichiometrically calculated molar ratio of H 0 to the sum (Y+Z) in the reaction mixture to amount to at least about 1:2; wherein the water admixed with said catalyst is gradually added to said mixture comprising (a) and (b) at room temperature; allowing said reaction mixture to stand until said reaction is complete; and recovering the hydrolyzation product.

3. A process according to claim 2 wherein reactant (a) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of 2,2-dimethyl-2-sila-1,4-dioxan; 2,2-dirnethyl-2- sila 1 oxa-4-thiane; 2,2-dimethyl-2-sila-1,4-dithiane; benzo-2,2-dimethyl-Z-sila-1,4-dioxan; and 2,2-dimethyl-6- oxa-2-sila-1-oxa-4-thiane.

4. A process according to claim 2 wherein reactant (b) is at least one organosilane selected from the group consisting of dimethyl dichlorosilane; phenylmethyl dichlorosilane; methyl trichlorosilane; dimethyl diethoxysilane; and methyl triethoxysilane.

5. A process according to claim 2 wherein reactant (b) is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of an a,w-dihydroxypolydimethyl siloxane; hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane; and octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 25,727 2/ 1965 =I-Ialuska.

2,653,516 8/1951 Burkhard. 2,583,322 1/1952 Burkhard. 3,246,048 4/1966 Haluska 260448.2 X 3,317,460 5/1967 Clark et a1 260-448.2 X 2,983,745 5/1961 Speier. 3,041,362 6/ 1962 :Merker. 3,041,363 6/1962 Merker et al. 3,083,219 3/1963 Anderson 260448.2 XR 3,271,361 9/1966 Murray 260448.2 XR 3,287,310 11/1966 Omietanski 260448.2 XR 3,332,973 7/1967 Merker. 3,344,161 9/1967 Moedritzer et al. 260448.2 XR

TOBIAS E. LEVOW, Primary Examiner P. F. SHAVER, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.

It is certified that error appears; in the rbove idcntj fiiod patent and that said Letters Patent ale hereby CO'LITCCEQd as shown below:

SlGNED mu SEALED MAY 1 .2 W10 (S Attest:

Mn Fletcher, If. fl z w E TERA Attest'mg Officer i i-"W 510 1 i. 'raten'w 

